图像边缘检测之拉普拉斯(Laplacian)C++实现

在OpenCV中默认的计算方式如下，假设有一个5*5的小图像，原始值依次为1,2,…25,如下图红色部分，首先将5*5映射到(5+3-1)*(5+3-1)大小，然后和3*3的kernel做累积和，因为计算结果有可能超出有效值[0, 255]范围，因此在最终还需要判断使其在有效范围内，即小于0为0，大于255为255：

如坐标为(0,0)的计算过程为：12 = 7*0+6*1+7*0+2*1+1*(-4)+2*1+7*0+6*1+7*0.

以下code分别采用两种方式实现，一种是从OpenCV中提取的code(Laplacian_函数)，一种是按照上面说明的方式实现的(Laplacian函数)，两种方式实现的结果完全一致，但第二种方式更容易理解：

laplacian.cpp:

#include "funset.hpp"
#include <limits.h>
#include <chrono>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include "common.hpp"namespace {typedef struct Rect {int x, y, width, height;
} Rect;
typedef struct Size {int width, height;
} Size;
typedef struct Point {int x, y;
} Point;int borderInterpolate(int p, int len)
{if ((unsigned)p < (unsigned)len) {;} else {if (len == 1) return 0;int delta = 1;do {if (p < 0) p = -p - 1 + delta;else p = len - 1 - (p - len) - delta;} while ((unsigned)p >= (unsigned)len);}return p;
}inline unsigned char saturate_cast(float v)
{int iv = (int)(v + (v >= 0 ? 0.5f : -0.5f));return (unsigned char)((unsigned)v <= UCHAR_MAX ? v : v > 0 ? UCHAR_MAX : 0);
}void filter2D(const unsigned char** src, unsigned char* dst, int dststep, int count, int width, int ksize)
{std::vector<Point> coords;std::vector<float> coeffs;if (ksize == 1) {coords = { { 1, 0 }, { 0, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 2, 1 }, { 1, 2 } }; // kernel non zero position: (x, y)coeffs = { 1.f, 1.f, -4.f, 1.f, 1.f }; // kernel non zero value: 1, 1, -4, 1, 1} else {coords = { { 0, 0 }, { 2, 0 }, { 1, 1 }, { 0, 2 }, { 2, 2 } }; // kernel non zero position: (x, y)coeffs = { 2.f, 2.f, -8.f, 2.f, 2.f }; // kernel non zero value: 2, 2, -8, 2, 2}std::vector<unsigned char*> ptrs(coords.size());float _delta{ 0.f };const Point* pt = &coords[0];const float* kf = (const float*)&coeffs[0];const unsigned char** kp = (const unsigned char**)&ptrs[0];int nz = (int)coords.size();for (; count > 0; count--, dst += dststep, src++) {unsigned char* D = (unsigned char*)dst;for (int k = 0; k < nz; k++)kp[k] = (const unsigned char*)src[pt[k].y] + pt[k].x;for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {float s0 = _delta;for (int k = 0; k < nz; k++)s0 += kf[k] * kp[k][i];D[i] = saturate_cast(s0);}}
}int Laplacian_(const unsigned char* src_, unsigned char* dst_, int width_, int height_, int ksize_)
{const unsigned char* src = src_;unsigned char* dst = dst_;const Size ksize{ 3, 3 };const int maxBufRows = ksize.height + 3;const Point anchor{ 1, 1 };const Rect roi{ 0, 0, width_, height_ };const int dx1{ 1 }, dx2{ 1 };int borderLength = std::max(ksize.width - 1, 1);std::vector<int> borderTab(borderLength);borderTab[0] = borderInterpolate(-dx1, width_);borderTab[1] = borderInterpolate(width_, width_);std::vector<unsigned char*> rows(maxBufRows);const int* btab = &borderTab[0];int srcstep{ width_ }, dststep{ width_ };std::vector<unsigned char> ringBuf((width_ + ksize.width - 1) * maxBufRows, 0);int bufStep{ width_ + ksize.width - 1 };int startY = std::max(roi.y - anchor.y, 0), startY0 = startY, rowCount{ 0 }, dstY{ 0 };int endY = std::min(roi.y + roi.height + ksize.height - anchor.y - 1, height_);int esz = 1;unsigned char** brows = &rows[0];int bufRows = (int)rows.size();int kwidth = ksize.width;int kheight = ksize.height, ay = anchor.y;int _dx1 = dx1, _dx2 = dx2;int width1 = roi.width + kwidth - 1;int dy = 0, i = 0;int count = endY - startY;for (;; dst += dststep * i, dy += i) {int dcount = bufRows - ay - startY - rowCount + roi.y;dcount = dcount > 0 ? dcount : bufRows - kheight + 1;dcount = std::min(dcount, count);count -= dcount;for (; dcount-- > 0; src += srcstep) {int bi = (startY - startY0 + rowCount) % bufRows;unsigned char* brow = &ringBuf[0] + bi*bufStep;unsigned char* row = brow;if (++rowCount > bufRows) {--rowCount;++startY;}memcpy(row + _dx1*esz, src, (width1 - _dx2 - _dx1)*esz);for (i = 0; i < _dx1*esz; i++)row[i] = src[btab[i]];for (i = 0; i < _dx2*esz; i++)row[i + (width1 - _dx2)*esz] = src[btab[i + _dx1*esz]];}int max_i = std::min(bufRows, roi.height - (dstY + dy) + (kheight - 1));for (i = 0; i < max_i; i++) {int srcY = borderInterpolate(dstY + dy + i + roi.y - ay, height_);if (srcY < startY) return -1;if (srcY >= startY + rowCount) break;int bi = (srcY - startY0) % bufRows;brows[i] = &ringBuf[0] + bi*bufStep;}if (i < kheight) break;i -= kheight - 1;filter2D((const unsigned char**)brows, dst, dststep, i, roi.width, ksize_);}dstY += dy;if (dstY > roi.height) return -1;return 0;
}int Laplacian(const unsigned char* src_, unsigned char* dst_, int width_, int height_, int ksize_)
{const int kernel_size{ 3 };std::vector<float> kernel;if (ksize_ == 1) kernel = { 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f, -4.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f };else kernel = { 2.f, 0.f, 2.f, 0.f, -8.f, 0.f, 2.f, 0.f, 2.f };int new_width = width_ + kernel_size - 1, new_height = height_ + kernel_size - 1;std::unique_ptr<unsigned char[]> data(new unsigned char[new_width * new_height]);unsigned char* p = data.get();for (int y = 0; y < new_height; ++y) {if (y != 0 && y != new_height - 1) {for (int x = 0; x < new_width; ++x) {if (x == 0) {p[y * new_width + x] = src_[(y - 1) * width_ + 1];} else if (x == new_width - 1) {p[y * new_width + x] = src_[(y - 1) * width_ + (width_ - 1 - 1)];} else {p[y * new_width + x] = src_[(y - 1) * width_ + (x - 1)];}}}if (y == new_height - 1) {for (int x = 0; x < new_width; ++x) {p[y * new_width + x] = p[(y - 2) * new_width + x];}for (int x = 0; x < new_width; ++x) { // y = 0p[x] = p[2 * new_width + x];}}}for (int y = 1; y < new_height - 1; ++y) {for (int x = 1; x < new_width - 1; ++x) {float value{ 0.f };int count{ 0 };for (int m = -1; m <= 1; ++m) {for (int n = -1; n <= 1; ++n) {value += p[(y + m) * new_width + (x + n)] * kernel[count++];}}if (value < 0.) dst_[(y - 1) * width_ + (x - 1)] = 0;else if (value > 255.) dst_[(y - 1) * width_ + (x - 1)] = 255;else dst_[(y - 1) * width_ + (x - 1)] = static_cast<unsigned char>(value);}}return 0;
}} // namespaceint laplacian_cpu(const unsigned char* src, int width, int height, int ksize, unsigned char* dst, float* elapsed_time)
{int ret{ -1 };// ksize == 1: kernel={ 0, 1, 0, 1, -4, 1, 0, 1, 0 }// ksize == 3: kernel={ 2, 0, 2, 0, -8, 0, 2, 0, 2 }CHECK(ksize == 1 || ksize == 3);//TIME_START_CPUret = Laplacian(src, dst, width, height, ksize);//TIME_END_CPUreturn ret;
}

main.cpp:

#include "funset.hpp"
#include <random>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include "common.hpp"int test_image_process_laplacian()
{cv::Mat src = cv::imread("E:/GitCode/CUDA_Test/test_data/images/lena.png", 0);if (!src.data || src.channels() != 1) {fprintf(stderr, "read image fail\n");return -1;}int width{ 400 }, height{ 400 };cv::resize(src, src, cv::Size(width, height));std::unique_ptr<unsigned char[]> data1(new unsigned char[width * height]), data2(new unsigned char[width * height]);float elapsed_time1{ 0.f }, elapsed_time2{ 0.f }; // millisecondsint ksize{ 1 };CHECK(laplacian_cpu(src.data, width, height, ksize, data1.get(), &elapsed_time1) == 0);//CHECK(laplacian_gpu(src.data, width, height, data2.get(), &elapsed_time2) == 0);//fprintf(stdout, "gray image edge detection: laplacian: cpu run time: %f ms, gpu run time: %f ms\n", elapsed_time1, elapsed_time2);cv::Mat dst;cv::Laplacian(src, dst, src.depth(), ksize);cv::imwrite("E:/GitCode/CUDA_Test/test_data/images/laplacian.png", dst);CHECK(compare_result(data1.get(), dst.data, width*height) == 0);//CHECK(compare_result(data1.get(), data2.get(), width*height) == 0);save_image(src, dst, width, height / 2, "E:/GitCode/CUDA_Test/test_data/images/laplacian_result.png");return 0;
}

执行结果如下：