持续集成想必大家很多人都听说过，甚至都实践过，最近我又一次亲历了一次持续集成，现将我的经验分享给大家。关于持续集成的理论在本文概不涉及，本文的主要目的是实战CruiseControl.Net，用它来全面实现持续集成。
在配置ccnet.config时会用到一些小工具，一并附上：小工具下载
首先，我们来看看用CC.Net能为我们做哪些事情：
自动获取源代码
自动Build
自动执行UnitTest，并生成单元测试报告
自动部署
触发自动化（回归）测试
邮件提醒
使用CCTray进行监控
应用plugin显示集成结果
设置集成策略
在开始之前，第一件事是配置我们的持续集成环境
获取SVN或TFS工具，TFS可通过安装VisualStudio获得，SVN可通过安装TortoiseSVN来获得。
安装和配置IIS，因为我们要使用Web页面查看持续集成的结果，所以需要配置IIS，安装CruiseControl.Net时会为我们创建一个名为ccnet的web应用程序。
从http://www.cruisecontrolnet.org/这个站点上现在我们需要的工具CruiseControl.Net并将其安装。
安装VisualStudio2013（当然也可选其它版本）。安装它的目的有两个，1. 使用了VSTest.Console.exe产生单元测试结果数据（UnitTest结果和测试覆盖率），2. 当编译不能通过时用它可以发现问题。
到此为止，集成环境已经OK，下面，我们来逐一来通过配置ccnet.config实现上述功能。
首先需要了解，持续集成的单位是以项目为单位，在ccnet.config文件里体现为Project，如下：
<project name="MyProject"description="demoproject showing a small config" queue="Q1"><!--内部配置--> </project>
配置项目的源代地址，包括本地工作地址和源代码管理服务地址，对于使用TFS的源码管理器，向Project下添加如下配置：
<workingDirectory>E:\dailybuild</workingDirectory> <artifactDirectory>E:\dailybuild</artifactDirectory> <category>TestProject</category> <sourcecontrol type="vsts" autoGetSource="true" applyLabel="false"><server>http://tfs1.TestProject.com:8080</server><domain>TestProject.com</domain><project>$/TestProject projects/Analysis and Design\Concierge\Prototype</project><workingDirectory>E:\dailybuild\TestProject</workingDirectory><cleanCopy>true</cleanCopy> </sourcecontrol>
对于使用svn源码管理器，可以使用以下配置：
<artifactDirectory>d:\svn\Log\MyProject</artifactDirectory> <sourcecontrol type="svn"><executable>C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\svn.exe</executable><username>UserName</username><password>******</password><autoGetSource>true</autoGetSource><trunkUrl>http://svnserver/trunk/MyProject</trunkUrl><workingDirectory>d:\svn\trunk\MyProject</workingDirectory> </sourcecontrol>
2.实现自动Build，向Project节点下增加tasks节点，如下
<tasks><msbuild><executable>C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe</executable><buildArgs>/p:OutputPath=D:\BuildOutput</buildArgs><workingDirectory>D:\svn\branch\project\</workingDirectory><projectFile>mysolution.sln</projectFile><targets>Build</targets><timeout>9000</timeout></msbuild> </tasks>
如果要生成单元测试报告和单元测试覆盖率，这里需要多下写功夫去配置。首先在创建Runsettings文件，如下：
CodeCoverage.runsettings的配置内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RunSettings><RunConfiguration><!-- Path relative to solution directory --><ResultsDirectory>d:\svn\log\TestResults</ResultsDirectory><!-- [x86] | x64 - You can also change it from menu Test, Test Settings, Default Processor Architecture --><TargetPlatform>x86</TargetPlatform><!-- Framework35 | [Framework40] | Framework45 --><TargetFrameworkVersion>Framework40</TargetFrameworkVersion></RunConfiguration><DataCollectionRunSettings><DataCollectors><DataCollector friendlyName="Code Coverage" uri="datacollector://Microsoft/CodeCoverage/2.0" assemblyQualifiedName="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Coverage.DynamicCoverageDataCollector, Microsoft.VisualStudio.TraceCollector, Version=11.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"><Configuration><CodeCoverage><!-- Match assembly file paths: --><ModulePaths><Include><ModulePath>.*\.dll$</ModulePath><ModulePath>.*\.exe$</ModulePath></Include><Exclude><ModulePath>.*CPPUnitTestFramework.*</ModulePath></Exclude></ModulePaths><!-- Match fully qualified names of functions: --><!-- (Use "\." to delimit namespaces in C# or Visual Basic, "::" in C++.) --><Functions><Exclude><Function>^Fabrikam\.UnitTest\..*</Function><Function>^std::.*</Function><Function>^ATL::.*</Function><Function>.*::__GetTestMethodInfo.*</Function><Function>^Microsoft::VisualStudio::CppCodeCoverageFramework::.*</Function><Function>^Microsoft::VisualStudio::CppUnitTestFramework::.*</Function></Exclude></Functions><!-- Match attributes on any code element: --><Attributes><Exclude><!-- Don’t forget "Attribute" at the end of the name --><Attribute>^System.Diagnostics.DebuggerHiddenAttribute$</Attribute><Attribute>^System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute$</Attribute><Attribute>^System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilerGeneratedAttribute$</Attribute><Attribute>^System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute$</Attribute><Attribute>^System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverageAttribute$</Attribute></Exclude></Attributes><!-- Match the path of the source files in which each method is defined: --><Sources><Exclude><Source>.*\\atlmfc\\.*</Source><Source>.*\\vctools\\.*</Source><Source>.*\\public\\sdk\\.*</Source><Source>.*\\microsoft sdks\\.*</Source><Source>.*\\vc\\include\\.*</Source></Exclude></Sources><!-- Match the company name property in the assembly: --><CompanyNames><Exclude><CompanyName>.*microsoft.*</CompanyName></Exclude></CompanyNames><!-- Match the public key token of a signed assembly: --><PublicKeyTokens><!-- Exclude Visual Studio extensions: --><Exclude><PublicKeyToken>^B77A5C561934E089$</PublicKeyToken><PublicKeyToken>^B03F5F7F11D50A3A$</PublicKeyToken><PublicKeyToken>^31BF3856AD364E35$</PublicKeyToken><PublicKeyToken>^89845DCD8080CC91$</PublicKeyToken><PublicKeyToken>^71E9BCE111E9429C$</PublicKeyToken><PublicKeyToken>^8F50407C4E9E73B6$</PublicKeyToken><PublicKeyToken>^E361AF139669C375$</PublicKeyToken></Exclude></PublicKeyTokens><!-- We recommend you do not change the following values: --><UseVerifiableInstrumentation>True</UseVerifiableInstrumentation><AllowLowIntegrityProcesses>True</AllowLowIntegrityProcesses><CollectFromChildProcesses>True</CollectFromChildProcesses><CollectAspDotNet>False</CollectAspDotNet></CodeCoverage></Configuration></DataCollector></DataCollectors></DataCollectionRunSettings> </RunSettings>
里面最重要的信息室配置了单元测试结果存放路径：<ResultsDirectory>d:\svn\log\TestResults</ResultsDirectory>，以便我们后来生成测试结果。
接着来配置ccnet.config,以执行单元测试
<!--删除上次单元测试结果--> <exec><executable>D:\svn\tool\delfile.bat</executable><buildArgs>D:\svn\Log\TestResultsReal\mstest-results.trx</buildArgs><buildTimeoutSeconds>300</buildTimeoutSeconds><successExitCodes>-1,0</successExitCodes> </exec> <exec><executable>D:\svn\tool\delfile.bat</executable><buildArgs>D:\svn\Log\TestResultsReal\mstest-coverage.xml</buildArgs><buildTimeoutSeconds>300</buildTimeoutSeconds><successExitCodes>-1,0</successExitCodes> </exec> <!--执行单元测试--> <exec><executable>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\TestWindow\VSTest.Console.exe</executable><baseDirectory>D:\svn\UnitTest.dll所在的文件目录</baseDirectory><buildArgs>UnitTest.dll /Enablecodecoverage /Settings:D:\svn\tool\CodeCoverage.runsettings /logger:trx</buildArgs><buildTimeoutSeconds>300</buildTimeoutSeconds> </exec> <!--生成测试覆盖率--> <exec><executable><!--删除上次单元测试结果--><exec><executable>D:\svn\tool\delfile.bat</executable><buildArgs>D:\svn\Log\TestResultsReal\mstest-results.trx</buildArgs><buildTimeoutSeconds>300</buildTimeoutSeconds><successExitCodes>-1,0</successExitCodes></exec><exec><executable>D:\svn\tool\delfile.bat</executable><buildArgs>D:\svn\Log\TestResultsReal\mstest-coverage.xml</buildArgs><buildTimeoutSeconds>300</buildTimeoutSeconds><successExitCodes>-1,0</successExitCodes></exec><!--执行单元测试--><exec><executable>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\TestWindow\VSTest.Console.exe</executable><baseDirectory>D:\svn\UnitTest.dll所在的文件目录</baseDirectory><buildArgs>UnitTest.dll /Enablecodecoverage /Settings:D:\svn\tool\CodeCoverage.runsettings /logger:trx</buildArgs><buildTimeoutSeconds>300</buildTimeoutSeconds></exec><!--生成测试覆盖率--><exec><executable>D:\svn\tool\coverage\Auto.Dealer.UnitTest.Tool.exe</executable><buildArgs>D:\svn\log\TestResults\ D:\svn\log\TestResultsReal\mstest-results.trx D:\svn\log\TestResultsReal\mstest-coverage.xml</buildArgs><buildTimeoutSeconds>300</buildTimeoutSeconds><successExitCodes>-1,0</successExitCodes></exec><!--合并xml文件--><merge><files><file>D:\svn\Log\TestResultsReal\mstest-results.trx</file><!--这个文件是用于合并UnitTest result--></files></merge><merge><files><file>D:\svn\Log\TestResultsReal\mstest-coverage.xml</file><!--这个文件是用于合并UnitTest result--></files></merge>D:\svn\tool\coverage\Auto.Dealer.UnitTest.Tool.exe</executable><buildArgs>D:\svn\log\TestResults\ D:\svn\log\TestResultsReal\mstest-results.trx D:\svn\log\TestResultsReal\mstest-coverage.xml</buildArgs><buildTimeoutSeconds>300</buildTimeoutSeconds><successExitCodes>-1,0</successExitCodes> </exec><!--合并xml文件--> <merge><files><file>D:\svn\Log\TestResultsReal\mstest-results.trx</file><!--这个文件是用于合并UnitTest result--></files> </merge> <merge><files><file>D:\svn\Log\TestResultsReal\mstest-coverage.xml</file><!--这个文件是用于合并UnitTest result--></files> </merge>
这里，想必大家已经注意到有两处删除操作，因为持续集成式一个不断重复的过程，如果不删除原来的测试结果就会发生错误。另外，用到的一个工具（这个工具里的代码很简单，一并提供出来如下），用来将trx文件转化为xml文件，即单元测试覆盖率结果。最后将它们一起合并到CruiseControl的执行日志里。
生成单元测试覆盖率代码如下：
class Program{static void Main(string[] args){string dirName = args[0];string trxUutPutFileName = args[1];string coverageoutPutFileName = args[2];if (Directory.Exists(dirName)){DirectoryInfo dirc = new DirectoryInfo(dirName);foreach (FileInfo file in dirc.GetFiles("*.trx")){file.CopyTo(trxUutPutFileName, true);break;}foreach (FileInfo file in dirc.GetFiles("*.coverage", SearchOption.AllDirectories)){ConvertToXML(file.FullName, coverageoutPutFileName);break;}dirc.Delete(true);}else{Console.WriteLine("没找到目录："+dirName);}}public static void ConvertToXML(string coverageFile, string outputFile){using( CoverageInfo coverageInfo = CoverageInfo.CreateFromFile(coverageFile)){using (CoverageDS ds = coverageInfo.BuildDataSet()){ds.ExportXml(outputFile);}}}}
<!--发布到站点--> <buildpublisher><sourceDir>d:\svn\_PublishedWebsites\MyWeb</sourceDir><publishDir>\\IP地址\website\</publishDir><useLabelSubDirectory>false</useLabelSubDirectory> </buildpublisher>
如果有自动化测试框架，则可以考虑部署完毕后自动触发执行自动化测试，由于自动化测试框架可能会有很大差异，这里就不在给出配置，总的来说，使用<exec></exec>可以很灵活地实现我们的需求。
无论持续集成执行成功，还是失败，都可以配置相应的邮件接收人员。邮件配置要放到<publishers></publishers>。这样，邮件发送的失败就不会阻塞持续集成。
<publishers><email mailport="25" includeDetails="TRUE" mailhostUsername="my@sina.com" mailhostPassword="******" useSSL="FALSE"><from>my@sina.com</from><mailhost>smtp.sina.net</mailhost><users><user name="张三" group="developers" address="123@sina.com" /><user name="李四" group="developers" address="456@sina.com" /><user name="王五" group="developers" address="789@sina.com" /></users><groups><group name="developers"><notifications><notificationType>Failed</notificationType><notificationType>Fixed</notificationType></notifications></group><group name="buildmaster"><notifications><notificationType>Always</notificationType></notifications></group></groups><converters><regexConverter find="$" replace="@sina.com" /></converters><modifierNotificationTypes><NotificationType>Failed</NotificationType><NotificationType>Fixed</NotificationType></modifierNotificationTypes><subjectSettings><subject buildResult="StillBroken" value="Build is still broken for {CCNetProject}" /></subjectSettings></email><statistics /><xmllogger /> </publishers>
打开http://CruiseControl所在机的IP/ccnet/，可以看到如下连接，下载并安装。就可以监控制定的项目了。
最后，做了以上所有的事情以后，在http://CruiseControl所在机的IP/ccnet/这个站点上并不能看到我们所有的持续集成结构，CruiseControl为我们提供了一些Plugins，即一些xsl文件，使用它们就可以显示我们想要的结果了。这些xsl文件的地址为：CruiseControl的安装路径\CruiseControl.NET\webdashboard\xsl。我们需要修改一下dashboard.config这个文件，我向其中添加了如下内容：
<buildPlugins><buildReportBuildPlugin><xslFileNames><xslFile>xsl\header.xsl</xslFile><xslFile>xsl\modifications.xsl</xslFile><xslFile>xsl\unittests.xsl</xslFile><xslFile>xsl\MsTestSummary2008.xsl</xslFile><xslFile>xsl\compile-msbuild.xsl</xslFile><xslFile>xsl\SimianSummary.xsl</xslFile><xslFile>xsl\MsTestSummary2010.xsl</xslFile><xslFile>xsl\MsTestSummary.xsl</xslFile><xslFile>xsl\MsTestReport2010.xsl</xslFile><xslFile>xsl\MsTestCover2010.xsl</xslFile></xslFileNames></buildReportBuildPlugin> </buildPlugins>
这样，重启ccnet站点后，我们的测试结果也会被格式化地显示出来。
以每日构建为例，需要在<triggers></triggers>里配置如下结果：
<scheduleTrigger time="23:30" buildCondition="ForceBuild" name="Scheduled"><weekDays><weekDay>Monday</weekDay><weekDay>Tuesday</weekDay><weekDay>Wednesday</weekDay><weekDay>Thursday</weekDay><weekDay>Friday</weekDay></weekDays> </scheduleTrigger>
至此，我们的持续集成也基本上可以告一段落了。可以使用它来进行一些自动化的工作了。
