为了更好地使用好Hive，我将《Programming Hive》的Security章节取出来，翻译了一下。
Hive还是支持相当多的权限管理功能，满足一般数据仓库的使用。
Hive由一个默认的设置来配置新建文件的默认权限。
Xml代码 
- <property>
- <name>hive.files.umask.value</name>
- <value>0002</value>
- <description>The dfs.umask value for the hive created folders</description>
- </property>
<property><name>hive.files.umask.value</name><value>0002</value><description>The dfs.umask value for the hive created folders</description> </property>
当hive.metastore.authorization.storage.checks属性被设置成true时，
Hive将会阻止没有权限的用户进行表删除操作。
不过这个配置的默认值是false，应该设置成true
Xml代码
- <property>
- <name>hive.metastore.authorization.storage.checks</name>
- <value>true</value>
- <description>Should the metastore do authorization checks against
- the underlying storage for operations like drop-partition (disallow
- the drop-partition if the user in question doesn't have permissions
- to delete the corresponding directory on the storage).</description>
- </property>
<property><name>hive.metastore.authorization.storage.checks</name><value>true</value><description>Should the metastore do authorization checks againstthe underlying storage for operations like drop-partition (disallowthe drop-partition if the user in question doesn't have permissionsto delete the corresponding directory on the storage).</description> </property>
同时，Hive会尽可能地将hive.metastore.execute.setugi设置成true。
开启Hive的身份认证功能，默认是false
Xml代码
- <property>
- <name>hive.security.authorization.enabled</name>
- <value>true</value>
- <description>Enable or disable the hive client authorization</description>
- </property>
<property><name>hive.security.authorization.enabled</name> <value>true</value><description>Enable or disable the hive client authorization</description> </property>
另外还有一个是表格创建者用于的权限配置项：
Xml代码
- <property>
- <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants</name>
- <value>ALL</value>
- <description>The privileges automatically granted to the owner whenever
- a table gets created.An example like "select,drop" will grant select
- and drop privilege to the owner of the table</description>
- </property>
<property><name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants</name><value>ALL</value><description>The privileges automatically granted to the owner whenevera table gets created.An example like "select,drop" will grant selectand drop privilege to the owner of the table</description> </property>
这个配置默认是NULL，我们建议将其设置成ALL，让用户能够访问自己创建的表。
试验，在命令行环境开启用户认证
Shell代码
- hive> set hive.security.authorization.enabled=true;
- hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test (key int, value string);
- Authorization failed:No privilege 'Create' found for outputs { database:default}.
- Use show grant to get more details.
hive> set hive.security.authorization.enabled=true;
hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test (key int, value string);
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Create' found for outputs { database:default}.
Use show grant to get more details.
我们可以看到，建表需要权限了。
权限可以授予给不同的主题，如用户(USER)，组(GROUP)，角色(ROLES)
现在我们通过授权方式，将权限授予给当前用户：
Shell代码
- hive> set system:user.name;
- system:user.name=edward
- hive> GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE default TO USER edward;
- hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test (key INT, value STRING);
hive> set system:user.name; system:user.name=edward hive> GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE default TO USER edward; hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test (key INT, value STRING);
这样就可以创建表了。
我们可以通过SHOW GRANT命令确认我们拥有的权限:
Shell代码
- hive> SHOW GRANT USER edward ON DATABASE default;
- database default
- principalName edward
- principalType USER
- privilege Create
- grantTime Mon Mar 19 09:18:10 EDT 2012
- grantor edward
hive> SHOW GRANT USER edward ON DATABASE default; database default principalName edward principalType USER privilege Create grantTime Mon Mar 19 09:18:10 EDT 2012 grantor edward
当Hive里面用于N多用户和N多张表的时候，管理员给每个用户授权每张表会让他崩溃的。
所以，这个时候就可以进行组(GROUP)授权。
Hive里的用户组的定义等价于POSIX里面的用户组。
Shell代码
- hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test_group(a int,b int);
- hive> SELECT * FROM authorization_test_group;
- Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs
- { database:default, table:authorization_test_group, columnName:a}.
- Use show grant to get more details.
- hive> GRANT SELECT on table authorization_test_group to group edward;
- hive> SELECT * FROM authorization_test_group;
- OK
- Time taken: 0.119 seconds
hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test_group(a int,b int);
hive> SELECT * FROM authorization_test_group;
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs
{ database:default, table:authorization_test_group, columnName:a}.
Use show grant to get more details.
hive> GRANT SELECT on table authorization_test_group to group edward;
hive> SELECT * FROM authorization_test_group;
OK
Time taken: 0.119 seconds当给用户组授权变得不够灵活的时候，角色(ROLES)就派上用途了。
用户可以被放在某个角色之中，然后角色可以被授权。
角色不同于用户组，是由Hadoop控制的，它是由Hive内部进行管理的。
Shell代码
- hive> CREATE TABLE authentication_test_role (a int , b int);
- hive> SELECT * FROM authentication_test_role;
- Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs
- { database:default, table:authentication_test_role, columnName:a}.
- Use show grant to get more details.
- hive> CREATE ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role;
- hive> GRANT ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role TO USER edward;
- hive> GRANT SELECT ON TABLE authentication_test_role
- > TO ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role;
- hive> SELECT * FROM authentication_test_role;
- OK
- Time taken: 0.103 seconds
hive> CREATE TABLE authentication_test_role (a int , b int);
hive> SELECT * FROM authentication_test_role;
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs
{ database:default, table:authentication_test_role, columnName:a}.
Use show grant to get more details.
hive> CREATE ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role;
hive> GRANT ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role TO USER edward;
hive> GRANT SELECT ON TABLE authentication_test_role
> TO ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role;
hive> SELECT * FROM authentication_test_role;
OK
Time taken: 0.103 seconds介绍一下常用的授权关键字：
| ALTER | 更改表结构，创建分区 |
| CREATE | 创建表 |
| DROP | 删除表，或分区 |
| INDEX | 创建和删除索引 |
| LOCK | 锁定表，保证并发 |
| SELECT | 查询表权限 |
| SHOW_DATABASE | 查看数据库权限 |
| UPDATE | 为表加载本地数据的权限 |
分区表级别的授权
默认情况下，分区表的授权将会跟随表的授权
当然，也可以给每一个分区建立一个授权机制，
只需要设置表的属性PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE设置成TRUE:
Shell代码
- hive> ALTER TABLE authorization_part
- > SET TBLPROPERTIES ("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"="TRUE");
- Authorization failed:No privilege 'Alter' found for inputs
- {database:default, table:authorization_part}.
- Use show grant to get more details.
hive> ALTER TABLE authorization_part
> SET TBLPROPERTIES ("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"="TRUE");
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Alter' found for inputs
{database:default, table:authorization_part}.
Use show grant to get more details.自动授权
属性hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants决定了
建表者对表拥有的权限，一版情况下，有select和drop
Xml代码
- <property>
- <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants</name>
- <value>select,drop</value>
- </property>
<property><name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants</name><value>select,drop</value> </property>
类似的，特定的用户可以被在表创建的时候自动授予其权限。
Xml代码
- <property>
- <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.user.grants</name>
- <value>admin1,edward:select;user1:create</value>
- </property>
<property><name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.user.grants</name><value>admin1,edward:select;user1:create</value> </property>
当表建立的时候，管理员admin1和用户edward授予读所有表的权限。
而user1只能创建表。
同样的配置也可以作用于组授权和角色授权
hive.security.authorization.createtable.group.grants
hive.security.authorization.createtable.role.grants
转自 http://dacoolbaby.iteye.com/blog/1829545
