python的matplotlib背景线_python中matplotlib的颜色及线条 控制

https://www.cnblogs.com/darkknightzh/p/6117528.html

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34337272/article/details/79555544

1.设置栅格

(1)使用pyplot api命令

打开栅格:plt.grid(true)

设置栅格格式：plt.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)

(2)使用axes类面向对象命令

#同时设置两坐标轴上的栅格线

ax.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)

#设置X坐标轴上(垂直方向)的栅格线

ax.xaxis.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)

#设置Y坐标轴上(水平方向)的栅格线

ax.yaxis.grid(color='r', linestyle='--', linewidth=1,alpha=0.3)

2.设置axes脊柱(坐标系)

(1)去掉脊柱(坐标系)

ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False) #去掉上边框

ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False) #去掉下边框

ax.spines['left'].set_visible(False) #去掉左边框

ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False) #去掉右边框

(2)移动脊柱

ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')

ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')

ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position('bottom')

ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data',0))

ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position('left')

ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data',0))

(3)设置边框线颜色

ax = plt.gca() # 获取当前的axes

ax.spines['right'].set_color('blue')ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')

(4)设置边框线宽ax1.spines['left'].set_linewidth(5)

(5)设置边框线型ax.spines['left'].set_linestyle('--')

3.设置背景颜色

(1)设置figure背景颜色

facecolor：背景颜色  edgecolor：边框颜色

plt.figure(facecolor='blue',edgecolor='black')

或

fig=plt.gcf()

fig.set_facecolor('green')

(2)设置axes背景颜色

a = plt.axes([.65, .6, .2, .2], facecolor='k')  #pyplot api命令-黑色背景

或者

ax1=plt.gca()

ax1.patch.set_facecolor("gray")            #设置ax1区域背景颜色

ax1.patch.set_alpha(0.5)                      #设置ax1区域背景颜色透明度

(3)修改matplotlib默认参数

plt.rcParams['axes.facecolor']='red'

plt.rcParams['savefig.facecolor']='red'

'-'solid line style'--'dashed line style'-.' dash-dot line style':' dotted line style

'.'point marker','pixel marker'o'circle marker'v'triangle_down marker'^'triangle_up marker''triangle_right marker'1'tri_down marker'2'tri_up marker'3'tri_left marker'4'tri_right marker's'square marker'p'pentagon marker'*'star marker'h'hexagon1 marker'H'hexagon2 marker'+'plus marker'x'x marker'D'diamond marker'd'thin_diamond marker'|'vline marker'_' hline marker

View Code

cnames ={'aliceblue': '#F0F8FF','antiquewhite': '#FAEBD7','aqua': '#00FFFF','aquamarine': '#7FFFD4','azure': '#F0FFFF','beige': '#F5F5DC','bisque': '#FFE4C4','black': '#000000','blanchedalmond': '#FFEBCD','blue': '#0000FF','blueviolet': '#8A2BE2','brown': '#A52A2A','burlywood': '#DEB887','cadetblue': '#5F9EA0','chartreuse': '#7FFF00','chocolate': '#D2691E','coral': '#FF7F50','cornflowerblue': '#6495ED','cornsilk': '#FFF8DC','crimson': '#DC143C','cyan': '#00FFFF','darkblue': '#00008B','darkcyan': '#008B8B','darkgoldenrod': '#B8860B','darkgray': '#A9A9A9','darkgreen': '#006400','darkkhaki': '#BDB76B','darkmagenta': '#8B008B','darkolivegreen': '#556B2F','darkorange': '#FF8C00','darkorchid': '#9932CC','darkred': '#8B0000','darksalmon': '#E9967A','darkseagreen': '#8FBC8F','darkslateblue': '#483D8B','darkslategray': '#2F4F4F','darkturquoise': '#00CED1','darkviolet': '#9400D3','deeppink': '#FF1493','deepskyblue': '#00BFFF','dimgray': '#696969','dodgerblue': '#1E90FF','firebrick': '#B22222','floralwhite': '#FFFAF0','forestgreen': '#228B22','fuchsia': '#FF00FF','gainsboro': '#DCDCDC','ghostwhite': '#F8F8FF','gold': '#FFD700','goldenrod': '#DAA520','gray': '#808080','green': '#008000','greenyellow': '#ADFF2F','honeydew': '#F0FFF0','hotpink': '#FF69B4','indianred': '#CD5C5C','indigo': '#4B0082','ivory': '#FFFFF0','khaki': '#F0E68C','lavender': '#E6E6FA','lavenderblush': '#FFF0F5','lawngreen': '#7CFC00','lemonchiffon': '#FFFACD','lightblue': '#ADD8E6','lightcoral': '#F08080','lightcyan': '#E0FFFF','lightgoldenrodyellow': '#FAFAD2','lightgreen': '#90EE90','lightgray': '#D3D3D3','lightpink': '#FFB6C1','lightsalmon': '#FFA07A','lightseagreen': '#20B2AA','lightskyblue': '#87CEFA','lightslategray': '#778899','lightsteelblue': '#B0C4DE','lightyellow': '#FFFFE0','lime': '#00FF00','limegreen': '#32CD32','linen': '#FAF0E6','magenta': '#FF00FF','maroon': '#800000','mediumaquamarine': '#66CDAA','mediumblue': '#0000CD','mediumorchid': '#BA55D3','mediumpurple': '#9370DB','mediumseagreen': '#3CB371','mediumslateblue': '#7B68EE','mediumspringgreen': '#00FA9A','mediumturquoise': '#48D1CC','mediumvioletred': '#C71585','midnightblue': '#191970','mintcream': '#F5FFFA','mistyrose': '#FFE4E1','moccasin': '#FFE4B5','navajowhite': '#FFDEAD','navy': '#000080','oldlace': '#FDF5E6','olive': '#808000','olivedrab': '#6B8E23','orange': '#FFA500','orangered': '#FF4500','orchid': '#DA70D6','palegoldenrod': '#EEE8AA','palegreen': '#98FB98','paleturquoise': '#AFEEEE','palevioletred': '#DB7093','papayawhip': '#FFEFD5','peachpuff': '#FFDAB9','peru': '#CD853F','pink': '#FFC0CB','plum': '#DDA0DD','powderblue': '#B0E0E6','purple': '#800080','red': '#FF0000','rosybrown': '#BC8F8F','royalblue': '#4169E1','saddlebrown': '#8B4513','salmon': '#FA8072','sandybrown': '#FAA460','seagreen': '#2E8B57','seashell': '#FFF5EE','sienna': '#A0522D','silver': '#C0C0C0','skyblue': '#87CEEB','slateblue': '#6A5ACD','slategray': '#708090','snow': '#FFFAFA','springgreen': '#00FF7F','steelblue': '#4682B4','tan': '#D2B48C','teal': '#008080','thistle': '#D8BFD8','tomato': '#FF6347','turquoise': '#40E0D0','violet': '#EE82EE','wheat': '#F5DEB3','white': '#FFFFFF','whitesmoke': '#F5F5F5','yellow': '#FFFF00','yellowgreen': '#9ACD32'}

View Code

import matplotlib.pyplot aspltif __name__ == '__main__':

x= [20,50,100,150,200,300,400,600,1000]

y1=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

plt.figure(figsize=(8,4.9))

plt.plot(x,y1,label= "$example$",color = 'r',marker = "+",linewidth=1)

plt.xlabel("number")

plt.ylabel("time")

plt.title("-")

plt.legend()

plt.show()

View Code