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首先普及一下概念，什么是Fitnesse，听一听.NET版Cucumber的创始人Aslak Hellesøy谈Fitnesse与Cucumber对比：
FIT/Fitnesse和Cucumber都执行高级语言编写的验收测试。FIT仅识别HTML，Fitnesse则通过提供Wiki语法来简化编写测试的过程。在FIT/Fitnesse当中，所有的测试都以表格的形式呈现。
FitNesse比Cucumber的优势在于Wiki支持。
原文链接：http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2009/11/interview-cucumber-for-dotnet
1.Scenario是什么
Fitneese的SliM UserGuide中介绍了 Scenario
原文是这么介绍Scenario的：
A Scenario table is a table that can be called from other tables; namely Script Table and Decision Table.
The format of a Scenario table is the same as the format of a Script Table, but with a few differences. You can see a Scenario table in action here.
Scenario是一种Table，可以被Script Table 和 Decision Table调用。
由此很多人都对Scenario报了很大的期望，希望能用Scenario模块化封装测试步骤。
2.Scenario能力展示
下面是我结合Script示例和Scenario示例写的一个Scenario演示用例：
wiki文本：
!define TEST_SYSTEM {slim}
!path classes|import|
|fitnesse.slim.test|!4 定义scenario checkLogin: 登录并检查结果
| scenario | checkLogin | u || p || ensure || logged |
| @{ensure} | login with username | @{u} | and password | @{p} |
| check @{logged} | login message | @{u} logged in. |
| show | number of login attempts |!4 创建script实例，后面调用scenario都是针对这个实例
| script | login dialog driver | Bob | xyzzy |!4 Invoking a scenario from a !-DecisionTable-!
| checkLogin |
| u | p | ensure | logged |
| Bob | xyzzy | ensure | |
| Bob | zzyxx | reject | not |
| Cat | xyzzy | reject | not |!4 Invoking a scenario from a !-ScriptTable-!
| script |
| checkLogin | Bob || zzyxx || reject || not |
| checkLogin | Bob || xyzzy || ensure || |!4 script原示例
| script | login dialog driver | Bob | xyzzy |
| login with username | Bob | and password | xyzzy |
| check | login message | Bob logged in. |
| reject | login with username | Bob | and password | bad password |
| check | login message | Bob not logged in. |
| check not | login message | Bob logged in. |
| ensure | login with username | Bob | and password | xyzzy |
| note | this is a comment |
| show | number of login attempts |
| $symbol= | login message |The fixture for this table is:{{{public class LoginDialogDriver {private String userName;private String password;private String message;private int loginAttempts;public LoginDialogDriver(String userName, String password) {this.userName = userName;this.password = password;}public boolean loginWithUsernameAndPassword(String userName, String password) {loginAttempts++;boolean result = this.userName.equals(userName) && this.password.equals(password);if (result)message = String.format("%s logged in.", this.userName);elsemessage = String.format("%s not logged in.", this.userName);return result;}public String loginMessage() {return message;}public int numberOfLoginAttempts() {return loginAttempts;}
} }}}
测试用例页面：
点击Test执行后：
展开DecisionTable调用Scenario的测试结果：
展开ScriptTable调用Scenario的测试结果：
至此，我们看到Scenario可以把Script步骤封装起来，取个模块名，然后使用DecisionTable或ScriptTable调用。
3.Scenario的局限
请注意调用Scenario前的这一行：
目的是在调用Scenario前先创建好Script实例。
如果去掉这一句，再执行，是这样的结果：
再尝试一下，把创建Script实例的语句塞到Scenario中：
!4 定义scenario checkLogin: 登录并检查结果
| scenario | checkLogin | u || p || ensure || logged |
| script | login dialog driver | Bob | xyzzy | <--这是新加的创建Script实例的语句
| @{ensure} | login with username | @{u} | and password | @{p} |
| check @{logged} | login message | @{u} logged in. |
| show | number of login attempts |
保存后执行测试：
4.不满意怎么办？
我还想使用Scenario封装TableTable，比如RestFixture定义的TableTable， 国外最著名的软件开发问答网站stackoverflow.com也在问： Can I make a scenario of RestFixture table in fitnesse?, or is there another way to make reusable components?
我准备修改Fitneese代码，使得Scenario能直接封装ScriptTable和TableTable，请往下看……
5.修改ScenarioTable.java，使Scenario能直接封装ScriptTable
Scenario的源代码在目录D:\git\FitnesseKit\fitnesse\src\fitnesse\testsystems\slim\tables下：
打开ScenarioTable.java后，关键代码是Scenario的参数@xxx是怎么替换的:
@Overridepublic String substitute(String content) throws SyntaxError {for (Map.Entry<String, String> scenarioArgument : scenarioArguments.entrySet()) {String arg = scenarioArgument.getKey();if (getInputs().contains(arg)) {String argument = scenarioArguments.get(arg);content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@" + arg, argument);content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@{" + arg + "}", argument);} else {throw new SyntaxError(String.format("The argument %s is not an input to the scenario.", arg));}}return content;}});
增加两行打印System.out.println：
@Overridepublic String substitute(String content) throws SyntaxError {
+ System.out.println("ScenarioTable.call.substitute <<<<<<<<<< content:" + content);for (Map.Entry<String, String> scenarioArgument : scenarioArguments.entrySet()) {String arg = scenarioArgument.getKey();if (getInputs().contains(arg)) {String argument = scenarioArguments.get(arg);content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@" + arg, argument);content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@{" + arg + "}", argument);} else {throw new SyntaxError(String.format("The argument %s is not an input to the scenario.", arg));}}
+ System.out.println("ScenarioTable.call.substitute >>>>>>>>>> content:" + content);return content;}
在D:\git\FitnesseKit\fitnesse\src\fitnesse\testsystems\slim\tables\SlimTable.java的构造函数SlimTable中增加一行打印：
public SlimTable(Table table, String id, SlimTestContext testContext) {
+ System.out.println("SlimTable.SlimTable table:"+table);this.id = id;this.table = table;this.testContext = testContext;tableName = getTableType() + "_" + id;}
目的是查看每次启动的测试Table，比如一次import，一次ScriptTable，一次DecisionTable，一次TableTable，等等。
使用命令ant compile重新编译Fitnesse，并输入ant run重新启动Fitneese： D:\git\FitnesseKit\fitnesse>ant compile ... D:\git\FitnesseKit\fitnesse>ant run
再次运行刚刚失败的测试，现在看命令行打印：
[java] ScenarioTable.call.substitute <<<<<<<<<< content:<table>[java] <tr>[java] <td>scenario</td>[java] <td>checkLogin</td>[java] <td>u</td>[java] <td></td>[java] <td>p</td>[java] <td></td>[java] <td>ensure</td>[java] <td></td>[java] <td>logged</td>[java] </tr>[java] <tr>[java] <td>Script</td>[java] <td>login dialog driver</td>[java] <td>Bob</td>[java] <td colspan="6">xyzzy</td>[java] </tr>[java] <tr>[java] <td>@{ensure}</td>[java] <td>login with username</td>[java] <td>@{u}</td>[java] <td>and password</td>[java] <td colspan="5">@{p}</td>[java] </tr>[java] <tr>[java] <td>check @{logged}</td>[java] <td>login message</td>[java] <td colspan="7">@{u} logged in.</td>[java] </tr>[java] <tr>[java] <td>show</td>[java] <td colspan="8">number of login attempts</td>[java] </tr>[java] </table>[java] ScenarioTable.call.substitute >>>>>>>>>> content:<table>[java] <tr>[java] <td>scenario</td>[java] <td>checkLogin</td>[java] <td>u</td>[java] <td></td>[java] <td>p</td>[java] <td></td>[java] <td>ensure</td>[java] <td></td>[java] <td>logged</td>[java] </tr>[java] <tr>[java] <td>Script</td>[java] <td>login dialog driver</td>[java] <td>Bob</td>[java] <td colspan="6">xyzzy</td>[java] </tr>[java] <tr>[java] <td>ensure</td>[java] <td>login with username</td>[java] <td>Bob</td>[java] <td>and password</td>[java] <td colspan="5">xyzzy</td>[java] </tr>[java] <tr>[java] <td>check </td>[java] <td>login message</td>[java] <td colspan="7">Bob logged in.</td>[java] </tr>[java] <tr>[java] <td>show</td>[java] <td colspan="8">number of login attempts</td>[java] </tr>[java] </table>[java] SlimTable.SlimTable table:[[scenario,checkLogin,u,,p,,ensure,,logged],[Script, login dialog driver, Bob, xyzzy], [ensure, login with username, Bob, and password, xyzzy], [check , login message, Bob logged in.], [show, number of login attempts]]
再去运行一个没有被Scenario的封装的Script：
| Script | login dialog driver | Bob | xyzzy |
| ensure | login with username | Bob | and password | xyzzy |
| check | login message | Bob logged in. |
| show | number of login attempts |
命令行打印如下内容：
[java] SlimTable.SlimTable table:[[Script, login dialog driver, Bob, xyzzy], [ensure, login with username, Bob, and password, xyzzy], [check , login message, Bob logged in.], [show, number of login attempts]]
对比一下两种运行的打印：
[java] SlimTable.SlimTable table:[[scenario,checkLogin,u,,p,,ensure,,logged],[Script, login dialog driver, Bob, xyzzy], [ensure, login with username, Bob, and password, xyzzy], [check , login message, Bob logged in.], [show, number of login attempts]]
[java] SlimTable.SlimTable table:[[Script, login dialog driver, Bob, xyzzy], [ensure, login with username, Bob, and password, xyzzy], [check , login message, Bob logged in.], [show, number of login attempts]]
只要想办法在运行封装时，去掉**[scenario,checkLogin,u,,p,,ensure,,logged],**，说不定就可以了。
接下去，修改substitute函数：
public String substitute(String content) throws SyntaxError {System.out.println("ScenarioTable.call.substitute <<<<<<<<<< content:" + content);
+ int trLeftFirstIndex = content.indexOf("<tr>");
+ int trRightFirstIndex = content.indexOf("</tr>");
+ int trLeftSecondIndex = content.indexOf("<tr>", trLeftFirstIndex + 1);
+ int trRightSecondIndex = content.indexOf("</tr>", trRightFirstIndex + 1);
+ int scriptIndex = content.toLowerCase().indexOf("<td>script</td>");
+ if(scriptIndex > trLeftSecondIndex && scriptIndex < trRightSecondIndex) {
+ StringBuffer removeFirstTr = new StringBuffer();
+ removeFirstTr.append(content.substring(0, trLeftFirstIndex));
+ removeFirstTr.append(content.substring(trRightFirstIndex + "</tr>".length()));
+ content = removeFirstTr.toString();
+ }for (Map.Entry<String, String> scenarioArgument : scenarioArguments.entrySet()) {String arg = scenarioArgument.getKey();if (getInputs().contains(arg)) {String argument = scenarioArguments.get(arg);content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@" + arg, argument);content = StringUtil.replaceAll(content, "@{" + arg + "}", argument);} else {throw new SyntaxError(String.format("The argument %s is not an input to the scenario.", arg));}}System.out.println("ScenarioTable.call.substitute >>>>>>>>>> content:" + content);return content;}
再次编译，运行Fitneese：
耶，一击中的！
具体的代码在 git.oschina.net
6.尝试用Scenario封装TableTable
因为RestFixture是用TableTable实现的，所以我还想用Scenario封装TableTable，以便在使用RestFixture时，可以模块化组织测试步骤。
首先看一个TableTable例子:
!define TEST_SYSTEM {slim}!path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\target\dependencies\*
!path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\target\classes
!path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\extra\slf4j-simple-1.6.6.jar| import |
| smartrics.rest.fitnesse.fixture |获取开始时间
| Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
| let | begin | js | (new Date()).getTime() | |调用某个服务，这里用 sleep 5秒 模拟
| Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
| let | sleepMiliSeconds | js | {{{
var start = (new Date()).getTime();
var now;
do {now = (new Date()).getTime();
} while(now - start < 5000);
now - start }}} | |获取结束时间
| Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
| let | end | js | (new Date()).getTime() | |打印调用服务所花时间
| Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
| let | spendSeconds | js | (%end% - %begin%) / 1000 | |
测试结果是这样的：
本测试用例的主要目的是检查调用某个服务所花的时间，本例子是5秒。
接下去我想把上面的获取当前时间，调用服务，计算所花时间都写成Scenario，然后用Script调用Scenario，使测试步骤具有良好的可读性：
!define TEST_SYSTEM {slim}!path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\target\dependencies\*
!path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\target\classes
!path D:\git\FitnesseKit\RestFixture\extra\slf4j-simple-1.6.6.jar| import |
| smartrics.rest.fitnesse.fixture |获取当前时间
| scenario | getTime | _t |
| Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
| let | @{_t} | js | (new Date()).getTime() | |计算所花时间
| scenario | spendSeconds | _s || beginTime || endTime |
| Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
| let | @{_s} | js | (@{endTime} - @{beginTime}) / 1000 | |调用某个服务，用sleep模拟
| scenario | sleep | s |
| Table:Rest Fixture | http://localhost:${FITNESSE_PORT} |
| let | sleepMiliSeconds | js | {{{
var start = (new Date()).getTime();
do {var now = (new Date()).getTime();
} while(now - start < @{s} * 1000);
now - start }}} | |打印调用某个服务所花时间
| script |
| getTime | begin |
| sleep | 5 |
| getTime | end |
| spendSeconds | spend || %begin% || %end% |
测试结果是这样的：
保存内容是The instance scriptTableActor. does not exist，意思为从已定义的script中找不到。
修改ScenarioTable.java后，测试结果：
ScenarioTable.java的主要修改内容：
请到git.oschina.net具体查看。
