编程基础 垃圾回收

by Amy M Haddad

通过艾米·M·哈达德(Amy M Haddad)

为什么我回收编程问题 (Why I Recycle Programming Problems)

Many programmers are given the same advice: solve as many problems as possible. It’s true that solving new problems can help you gain experience and enhance your knowledge. I, too, seek out new problems and projects.

许多程序员都得到了相同的建议：解决尽可能多的问题。 解决新问题确实可以帮助您获得经验并增强知识。 我也寻求新的问题和项目。

But I’ve found it equally important to recycle problems: repeating them multiple times, each time with a different intent. There’s a lot to gain from repetition with a purpose.

但是我发现循环问题同样重要：多次重复问题，每次重复都有不同的意图。 有目的的重复有很多好处。

知道我不知道 (Knowing What I Don’t Know)

Just because I’ve solved a problem once doesn’t always mean I can solve it again.

仅仅因为我已经解决了一个问题，并不总是意味着我可以再次解决它。

I was in the library the other day, working on a problem I’d completed earlier in the week, when I got stuck. In a matter of days, I’d forgotten how to solve the problem. Instead of breezing through the exercise, I found myself struggling: working through error after error.

前几天，我在图书馆里，解决了本周初卡住的问题。 几天之内，我就忘记了如何解决问题。 我没有精疲力尽，而是发现自己在挣扎：在一个接一个的错误中工作。

The experience showed me that I need to work more on conditionals and functions. Similar situations have happened before, which is why recycling problems matters: it tests my knowledge and reveals my trouble spots.

经验告诉我，我需要在条件和函数上做更多的工作。 以前也发生过类似的情况，这就是循环问题很重要的原因：它测试了我的知识并揭示了我的麻烦点。

Resolving problems also reinforces concepts. It’s great that I can solve a problem that uses classes when I’m studying them and when the material is fresh in my mind. But can I recall how to use classes a week or two later? Taking a second pass at a problem is a way to find out.

解决问题也加强了概念。 当我学习类并在我的材料中崭露头角时，我可以解决使用类的问题，这是非常棒的。 但是我能记得一两周后如何使用课程吗？ 对问题进行第二次通过是找出问题的一种方法。

旧问题，新技巧 (Old Problems, New Tricks)

Adding self-imposed constraints is a second way I recycle programming problems. For instance, I recently used a for loop to solve a problem involving pangrams. On my second time through, I gave myself a simple constraint: solve the problem again without a for loop. In other words, I had to try another approach.

添加自我施加的约束是我回收编程问题的第二种方法。 例如，我最近使用了一个for循环来解决涉及pangram的问题。 第二次，我给自己一个简单的约束： 无需 for循环即可再次解决问题。 换句话说，我不得不尝试另一种方法。

So I tried using a set, and my resulting program became cleaner and more readable. Then, I took it one step further with another constraint: solve the problem with another variation of a set. In total, I reduced the amount of code for this program by more than 50%. And I learned a lot about sets in the process!

因此，我尝试使用一套工具，结果程序变得更简洁易读。 然后，我又走了另一步，又遇到了另一个约束：用另一个变体集解决问题。 总的来说，我将该程序的代码量减少了50％以上。 而且我在此过程中学到了很多东西！

Other times constraints end up complicating my code. In one recycled problem I gave myself the constraint to use a while loop, and the program became long and complex; the for loop I had used on a previous iteration was a better option. Even still, repeating a problem with a constraint helped me understand when it’s advantageous to use one approach over another.

有时约束最终会使我的代码复杂化。 在一个可循环使用的问题中，我给自己一个使用while循环的约束，程序变得冗长而复杂。 我在之前的迭代中使用的for循环是一个更好的选择。 即便如此，重复约束问题也有助于我理解何时使用一种方法优于另一种方法。

Despite the result, repeating a problem with constraints gets me outside my comfort zone and makes me think in new and creative ways. I usually get stuck and have to do some research. In the process, I pick up details I’d overlooked and learn new ways of doing things.

尽管有结果，但是重复约束问题却使我脱离了自己的舒适范围，并使我以新颖和创新的方式思考。 我通常会卡住，必须做一些研究。 在此过程中，我将收集一些我所忽略的细节，并学习新的做事方式。

学习写作测试 (Learning to Write Tests)

I’m on my third time through the dozens of problems in Brian Hogan’s book Exercises for Programmers. I’ve had a different intent for each iteration. This time through I’m practicing writing my own tests.

我是第三次浏览Brian Hogan的《 程序员的练习》一书中的许多问题。 每次迭代我都有不同的意图。 这次我正在练习编写自己的测试。

This is how it works: I pick a problem at random from Hogan’s book and solve it. I organize the program into separate files; each file is responsible for a different part of the solution. Then, I write the tests. Ultimately I want to write the tests first, then write the code, but I’m not quite there yet. Meanwhile, though, I’m getting a lot of practice writing and extracting functions and importing files.

它是这样工作的：我从Hogan的书中随机选择一个问题并加以解决。 我将程序组织成单独的文件； 每个文件负责解决方案的不同部分。 然后，我编写测试。 最终，我想先编写测试，然后再编写代码，但是我还没有。 但是，与此同时，我正在练习编写和提取函数以及导入文件。

There’s a broader point to purposeful repetition: it helps me see patterns and solidify them in my mind, so I can use them as mental models for new problems. That’s the advice George Polya gives in his book How to Solve It. When tackling a new problem, he recommends to “seek contacts with your formerly acquired knowledge.” He goes on:

有目的的重复存在更广泛的意义：它可以帮助我看到模式并在我的脑海中巩固它们，因此我可以将它们用作解决新问题的心理模型。 这就是乔治波利亚(George Polya)在他的书《 如何解决》中的建议。 解决新问题时，他建议“与您以前获得的知识联系”。 他继续说：

“Try to think of what helped you in similar situations in the past. Try to recognize something familiar in what you examine, try to perceive something useful in what you recognize.”

“试着想想过去在类似情况下对您有什么帮助。 尝试识别您所检查的事物中熟悉的事物，尝试感知您所识别的事物中有用的事物。”

He’s right. I recently completed a problem where I had to identify anagrams. Before I typed a line of code, I recalled a similar anagram problem I’d solved a few weeks prior. Although the original problem was much easier than the one at hand, it gave me a place to start.

他是对的。 我最近完成了一个必须识别字谜的问题。 在输入一行代码之前，我想起了几周前解决的一个类似的字谜问题。 尽管最初的问题比手头的问题要容易得多，但它为我提供了一个起点。

Recycling problems with a specific intent has been hugely beneficial. It’s solidifying concepts, giving me exposure to new ones, and building a strong foundation of knowledge, and that’s what I’m after as a beginner programmer.

出于特定目的回收问题非常有益。 它巩固了概念，使我接触到新概念，并建立了坚实的知识基础，这就是我作为初学者程序员所追求的。

I’m a writer, writing about technology, productivity, and art (amymhaddad.com), and a beginner programmer.

我是一名作家，写有关技术，生产力和艺术( amymhaddad.com )的文章，也是一名初学者。

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/why-i-recycle-programming-problems-7785e04e451d/

编程基础 垃圾回收