iOS开发UI篇—transframe属性(形变)
1. transform属性
在OC中,通过transform属性可以修改对象的平移、缩放比例和旋转角度
常用的创建transform结构体方法分两大类
(1) 创建“基于控件初始位置”的形变
CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(平移)
CGAffineTransformMakeScale(缩放)
CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(旋转)
(2) 创建“基于transform参数”的形变
CGAffineTransformTranslate
CGAffineTransformScale
CGAffineTransformRotate
补充:
在OC中,所有跟角度相关的数值,都是弧度值,180° = M_PI
正数表示顺时针旋转
负数表示逆时针旋转
提示:由于transform属性可以基于控件的上一次的状态进行叠加形变,例如,先旋转再平移。因此在实际动画开发中,当涉及位置、尺寸形变效果时,大多修改控件的transform属性,而不是frame、bounds、center 。
2.代码示例
// // YYViewController.m // 01-练习使用按钮的frame和center属性 // // Created by apple on 14-5-21. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import "YYViewController.h"//私有扩展 @interface YYViewController ()@property(nonatomic,weak)IBOutlet UIButton *headImageView; @end@implementation YYViewController//枚举类型,从1开始 //枚举类型有一个很大的作用,就是用来代替程序中的魔法数字 typedef enum {ktopbtntag=1,kdownbtntag,krightbtntag,kleftbtntag }btntag;//viewDidLoad是视图加载完成后调用的方法,通常在此方法中执行视图控制器的初始化工作 - (void)viewDidLoad {//在viewDidLoad方法中,不要忘记调用父类的方法实现 [super viewDidLoad];//手写控件代码//一、写一个按钮控件,上面有一张图片//1.使用类创建一个按钮对象// UIButton *headbtn=[[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100 ,100, 100, 100)];//设置按钮对象为自定义型UIButton *headbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];//2.设置对象的各项属性//(1)位置等通用属性设置headbtn.frame=CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100);//(2)设置普通状态下按钮的属性[headbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"i"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];[headbtn setTitle:@"点我!" forState:UIControlStateNormal];[headbtn setTitleColor:[UIColor redColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];//(3)设置高亮状态下按钮的属性[headbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"a"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];[headbtn setTitle:@"还行吧~" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];[headbtn setTitleColor:[UIColor blueColor] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];//3.把对象添加到视图中展现出来 [self.view addSubview:headbtn];//注意点!self.headImageView=headbtn;//二、写四个控制图片左右上下移动方向的按钮控件/**================向上的按钮=====================*///1.创建按钮对象UIButton *topbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];//2.设置对象的属性topbtn.frame=CGRectMake(100, 250, 40, 40);[topbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"top_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];[topbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"top_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];[topbtn setTag:1];//3.把控件添加到视图中 [self.view addSubview:topbtn];//4.按钮的单击控制事件 [topbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];/**================向下的按钮=====================*///1.创建按钮对象UIButton *downbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];//2.设置对象的属性downbtn.frame=CGRectMake(100, 350, 40, 40);[downbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bottom_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];[downbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"bottom_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];[downbtn setTag:2];//3.把控件添加到视图中 [self.view addSubview:downbtn];//4.按钮的单击控制事件 [downbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];/**================向左的按钮=====================*///1.创建按钮对象UIButton *leftbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];//2.设置对象的属性leftbtn.frame=CGRectMake(50, 300, 40, 40);[leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];[leftbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];[leftbtn setTag:4];//3.把控件添加到视图中 [self.view addSubview:leftbtn];//4.按钮的单击控制事件 [leftbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];/**================向右的按钮=====================*///1.创建按钮对象UIButton *rightbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];//2.设置对象的属性rightbtn.frame=CGRectMake(150, 300, 40, 40);[rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];[rightbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];[rightbtn setTag:3];//3.把控件添加到视图中 [self.view addSubview:rightbtn];//4.按钮的单击控制事件 [rightbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];//三、写两个缩放按钮/**================放大的按钮=====================*///1.创建对象UIButton *plusbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];//2.设置属性plusbtn.frame=CGRectMake(75, 400, 40, 40);[plusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"plus_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];[plusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"plus_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];[plusbtn setTag:1];//3.添加到视图 [self.view addSubview:plusbtn];//4.单击事件 [plusbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Zoom:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];/**================缩小的按钮=====================*/UIButton *minusbtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];minusbtn.frame=CGRectMake(125, 400, 40, 40);[minusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"minus_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];[minusbtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"minus_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];[minusbtn setTag:0];[self.view addSubview:minusbtn];[minusbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Zoom:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];/**================向左旋转按钮=====================*/UIButton *leftrotatebtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];[leftrotatebtn setFrame:CGRectMake(175, 400, 40, 40)];[leftrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_rotate_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];[leftrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"left_rotate_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];[leftrotatebtn setTag:1];[self.view addSubview:leftrotatebtn];[leftrotatebtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Rotate:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];/**================向右旋转按钮=====================*/UIButton *rightrotatebtn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];[rightrotatebtn setFrame:CGRectMake(225, 400, 40, 40)];[rightrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_rotate_normal"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];[rightrotatebtn setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"right_rotate_highlighted"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];[rightbtn setTag:0];[self.view addSubview:rightrotatebtn];[rightrotatebtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Rotate:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; }//控制方向的多个按钮调用同一个方法 -(void)Click:(UIButton *)button {//练习使用frame属性//CGRect frame=self.headImageView.frame;/**注意,这里如果控制位置的两个属性frame和center同时使用的话,会出现很好玩的效果,注意分析*///练习使用center属性CGPoint center=self.headImageView.center;switch (button.tag) {case ktopbtntag:center.y-=30;break;case kdownbtntag:center.y+=30;break;case kleftbtntag://发现一个bug,之前的问题是因为少写了break,造成了它们的顺序执行,sorry//center.x=center.x-30;center.x-=50;break;case krightbtntag:center.x+=50;break;}// self.headImageView.frame=frame;//首尾式设置动画效果 [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];self.headImageView.center=center;//设置时间[UIView setAnimationDuration:2.0];[UIView commitAnimations];NSLog(@"移动!");} -(void)Zoom:(UIButton *)btn {//使用bounds,以中心点位原点进行缩放CGRect bounds = self.headImageView.bounds;if (btn.tag) {bounds.size.height+=30;bounds.size.width+=30;}else{bounds.size.height-=50;bounds.size.width-=50;}//设置首尾动画 [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];self.headImageView.bounds=bounds;[UIView setAnimationDuration:2.0];[UIView commitAnimations]; }-(void)Rotate:(UIButton *)rotate {//位移(不累加)//self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(50, 200);//缩放//self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1.2, 10);//在原有的基础上位移(是累加的)//self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformTranslate(self.headImageView.transform, 50, 50);//在原有的基础上进行缩放//self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformScale(self.headImageView.transform, 1.5, 1.6);//在原有的基础上进行旋转if (rotate.tag) {//旋转角度为1/pi,逆时针self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformRotate(self.headImageView.transform, -M_1_PI);}else{//旋转的角度为pi/2,顺时针self.headImageView.transform=CGAffineTransformRotate(self.headImageView.transform, M_PI_2);}} @end
实现效果:
3.viewDidLoad
viewDidLoad是视图加载完成后调用的方法,通常在此方法中执行视图控制器的初始化工作
在viewDidLoad方法中,一定不要忘记调用父类的方法实现
[super viewDidLoad];